khoa học xã hội 7

Trắc nghiệm chủ nghĩa xã hội khoa học. Trắc nghiệm chủ nghĩa xã hội khoa học phần 3 gồm 20 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm CNXHKH có đáp án được VnDoc tổng hợp, hỗ trợ các bạn ôn luyện môn học và đánh giá kiến thức của bản thân thông qua bài thi thử ngắn. Bộ tài liệu Trắc Giá bán tất cả: 148.500 VNĐ. Hướng Dẫn Học Khoa Xã Hội 7 Tập 2 (VNEN - Sách Thử Nghiệm) 16.500 VNĐ. Hướng Dẫn Học Toán 7 Tập 1 (VNEN - Sách Thử Nghiệm) 25.000 VNĐ. Hướng Dẫn Học Toán 7 Tập 2 (VNEN - Sách Thử Nghiệm) 16.000 VNĐ. Hướng Dẫn Học Tin Học 7 (VNEN - Sách Thử Nghiệm Câu 3. Ba thành phần của năng lực Khoa học môn Tự nhiên và Xã hội bao gồm: B. Nhận thức khoa học. D. Tìm hiểu môi trường tự nhiên và xã hội xung quanh. E. Vận dụng kiến thức kĩ năng đã học. Câu 4. Ba yêu cầu cần đạt về phẩm chất có nhiều cơ hội hình thành và phát Để học tốt Khoa học xã hội 7 chương trình VNEN, loạt bài giải bài tập, soạn, trả lời câu hỏi Khoa học xã hội lớp 7 VNEN được biên soạn bám sát chương trình sgk Hướng dẫn học Khoa học xã hội 7 Tập 1 & Tập 2. Lời giải bài tập môn Khoa học tự nhiên 7 sách mới: (mới) Giải sgk Khoa học tự nhiên 7 (Kết nối tri thức) NGUYỄN QUYÊN-TÚ NGÂN-THẢO PHƯƠNG-PHI HÙNG - TRÍ NHIÊN. (PLO)- Hôm nay, 8-7, thí sinh dự thi tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2022 bước vào ngày thi cuối cùng. Buổi sáng các em dự thi bài thi tổ hợp khoa học tự nhiên hoặc khoa học xã hội. Tại TP.HCM, tại điểm thi THCS Hà Huy Tập, quận 12 từ 6 menangkap bola dari operan disebut juga dengan. Recently, the press says a lot about the state of our country's current stagnation in scientific activity in general, humanities and social sciences in particular. Many authors have mentioned many reasons for this situation, which comes to the backwardness of scientific research methods. To contribute to the improvement of scientific activity in this field, the author of this article would like to introduce some notion of scientific research in social sciences and humanities, widely used by occidental scientists. He pays special attention to scientificity and the scientific method that all work must respect. Discover the world's research25+ million members160+ million publication billion citationsJoin for free T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 TÍNH KHOA HỌC VÀ NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI - NHÂN VĂN Tr1i hc C Thông tin chung  02/01/2013 19/06/2013 Title Scientificity and research in Social Sciences and Humanities Từ khóa -  Keywords Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, Scientific Method, Scientificity, Criteria ABSTRACT Recently, the press says a lot about the state of our country's current stagnation in scientific activity in general, humanities and social sciences in particular. Many authors have mentioned many reasons for this situation, which comes to the backwardness of scientific research methods. To contribute to the improvement of scientific activity in this field, the author of this article would like to introduce some notion of scientific research in social sciences and humanities, widely used by occidental scientists. He pays special attention to scientificity and the scientific method that all work must respect. TÓM TẮT                               Thi ta u v ng   hin nay c c ta trong ho ng khoa h  -       c n nhi     tr s k  quhay vin chn ch ci -n s lc hu v    u khoa h  p T   c c ng i hc C      nh kKhoa hhc cn v u khoa h       lun, th   , khin cho ch   u c u hn chc c    khoa h c. Hy v  nh v t, hos m ra cui, tranh lun khoa h ho ng hc thut v    i sc. T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 1 VỀ TÊN GỌI KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ KHOA HỌC NHÂN VĂN T  khoa hc i ng ng    c khoa hc  k thu xy ra   p th gii   y. Trong World Social Science Report cng ch   Theo  hiu c    c         xut hi   dai d           thc s     A. Kazancigil & D. Makinson, 1999, ch si ta thy rg sciences humaines c hc de Condorcet, v gia v- 1794 s dng lm Esquisse humainc vi ng thi gian 1793-c khi t  khi xut him khoa hc t chkhKhoa hhi Khoa h n nhiu th k.  truyn thh      thi Hy Lp c i,   u v   ch c t khoa hc t gia th k u k tha nhng  u v    u trong khoa hc t 1798-1857 chi hc hii rng m khoa hc t      hin ra s bt n c    y ca gi  . hi  i by gip         h    ng kin thc khoa hc v i bng mn cht ch      c A. i hu to ln trong vi c   phn mnh m u th k 20. ,  Vithut ng  t hi     min B       c i thui hc Tng hit bn Khoa hi d  ph  t bn Khoa hc.  min Nam c i ht   khoa h  i  khoa hc       i hc C i i hc Lut khoa & Khoa h i gm , Vii hc Vn Hnh vi 2 trong s khoa Khoa h  i    c & Khoa h       u     truyn thng   ch    o i hc Khoa hc ging d    c t       i hc   ging d     a, Trit, Ngoi ng...     khin thut ng  khoa hc c hi khoa hc t    2 HIỆN TRẠNG KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI – NHÂN VĂN Ở VIỆT NAM  tham  -   -  -   H TW  -1954,   -  -     1955-1959, UBKH 1960--1966. T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45        i  -NV    m   m tr    tr  hin qua nhi      ng chn  tuyi hc c ph th ca KHXH-i. K thi tuyt h  i h  h i tc 4,43%. So vn gn 8% Hiu Nguyling.  kii ni bt qu thi tuyi h v a hot ng khoa hc Vi  ng xp hng th gi   n m   ng mnh mm lc mt s nhn  tht s m        KHXH-      a Phm   n khoa hc t c k thu         i hi hi hc, lut hc      n cho vic t chng mt i hii m Bich San, 2012ng. i vi nht qu c cng khoa hc kim chc tric t li chm chp, phi   o cng h hc ng v rt ln ca lch s, sai  i tho khoa h ra nhiu lc bt     c s           mng. Th  ng ng kin thc KHXH-     c i, gii ch tham v       a mt  o B Khoa h     ng lch l        n, hay quy ho       i thc hin vic di dn n xut. Hu qu  mt sn xut. Vic t ch    ng cho h l p vi truyn thng ca hu qu,     t mi , h phi t di d  nhiu h lt phn c i am hiu v c mcu, ho      c, 2010ng.         i hin nay li to ra nhiu bt cp cho KHXH-NV, khi      t chng m i phc v cho nhng mbiu ca GS. Vi n Ng  mt cuc hi tho  Khoa h   ch   n, cn   , ch  i ... khen nhau! Nhiqut qu u, xem vi  u khoa h          c, 2010   mng hon ca mi th     p xp li h thng  cho KHXH-NV c B KH-CN t chti  m nhn -NV hin nay ch a cho ch c ch c v   u thuc lo    t c, 2010ng. Theo nh  a m          m quy  T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 thc tr   h   khoa hi cho ra nh h hi h ng nhiu kin thun lu khoa hc  i cn ti mt nghc  li nhiu du c sn sinh ra -70 khi chin tranh din ra i sng vt cht kh cu ki  u thiu th      liu m  n mi, nhiu oa hc lng,  t       u ng. H qu n phm c-NV             i,    c th gi   quanh qu  t Nam. Nh     Phm Duy Hi          m ba ph n phm khoa hc na hc tt qu , rbit. Trong nhiu thp k g  n mo khoa h gi       p c h    c t   ng     t hin, khoa hc t    ta. Khoa hi i th gii Phm Duy Hin, 2012ng.  ng t  p ca KHXH-NV Vit Nam mt phhn ch v  ngoi ngp c    u ca th gi   t qu u c  c m nghim. C th  gi t cung t cp a KHXH-c ta, Nguyn cho ru v c trong        ng n chn ch     ng phn ln nh cu khoa hi  Vin dng nh    c scientific    c thit k  lin gii d liu [...]. Nhng thi     n ch     qu   h  i quc t    n, 2011bng. V c trong KHXH-n  then cht c     t c      u KHXH-NV,  n ci thi a v ca khoa h c ng quc t. 3 TÍNH KHOA HỌC VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP KHOA HỌC TRONG KHXH-NV        ng  vu KHXH-ng  y, hoc hing t  v khoa hc lun. Mt s  ra nghi ng v kh  ng d    c t        nghi      con                     KHXH-NV,  trong lch s        khoa hc  Trn Ngc  2007  u ng.  duy  mang  tng hp      phn ch da  nhng kin thc c   t kinh nghim, trc  truyn thng  tc, hoc t quy c, nim tin ca mt cng ng, thm   ch  nhng  ng ca      c chng minh mt  khoa hc.  cho nhng kin thc   xut sc n    na,    vn ch  kin thc  tin khoa hc  T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45  th da        bit KHXH-NV Vit Nam  th gii. Trong mi  hi     hay   trong   kin thc  truyn trong  hi,  rt nhiu kin thc  tin khoa hc  trong s   nhng kin thc   nhng kin thc sai. Nhng kin thc y cn phi c chng minh mi  th c gi  kin thc khoa hc.  phi k n ng hp ng nhn do  quen  ng nhiu i   quen gi mi hot ng   trong  vc  hi     khoa hc  hi      h  n ni  do t khoa hc  cha.           con     t-              c  -          Trn Ngc  2007ng. Thm   nhn  ca Nguyn  Tun,   t  khoa hc   tr    thi ng ca mt s quan chc ca nhiu  trong  hi, nhm   thuyt phc ca  kin ca   Hai ch      t lo   th ng ca mt s i mu      u ca  t, s dng hai ch t du n cho  tin cy ca nhng nh    rng hai ch  hiu lm, ri t hiu lm dn lm dm dng khoa hc d n vi     u i n n, 2011a,  trng    trung ch    s ln xn ca  gi  KHXH-NV      mt quy chun khoa hc   kim ch nam, khin ai   th cho rng  kin ca   khoa hc, thm  ai   th tr   khoa hc.   th mang   khoa hc    KHTN hay KHXH-NV,   vc  cu cn phi  th nhng  cu  c ng khoa hc thng nht v bh    c           u KHXH-NV, thi     c n nh  m c    i i khoa hc t nh  v khoa hc. Đặc điểm của KHXH-NV   nh c m ca KHXH-NV, i ta ng i chiu  vi khoa hc t   c m sau  ng c  cp n u        m ca mc. Tht vy, th gii t u ca khoa hc t t nhiu so v      trong gian ln thnh ng c th   c tic bng mng hoc b h tr ng d     u t    s dng d ng kin thnghim c gi ng u c c lc ca hot i quan h ci u ca KHXH-i rt  thi gian. Chng nhng th   ch th         i    nhn thc c   i     c t  ng  hic bn cht ca khoa hhi vn ph soi ri tt c. Loài ngƣời không chỉ sống thành xã hội loài ngƣời còn tạo ra xã hội để sống Godelier M., 2002. T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45  a, trong bi c  hc tp, do s tinm ca nhiu n    i cn php cng     tip thu r  nn khoa h gii. u T       m          u quen thuc trong khoa hc t       c nghim.    khi p vu ds u ca khoa hc t c nghi givc c        ng h   hi ng trong tng th. T nhng  n mnh m c        p cn mtng h  thng b i ng trong tt c i quan h c   hiu bn cht ca KHXH-NV, khi   m xu    t i quan h c bih  i hoc tn t      i k n vic ng dng rng   c th    u trong nhia khoa hhi hu hi u x u d liu phc tp          ca Nguyn  .    liu t  u khoa h hng rt phc tn  i  giu t trong mm  c l     h     n trong khoa hc th           c] thit k   suy lun khoa hc    n, 2011bng. m ca kin thc Khoa hc t  ng nhng quy lut ph   m-ng quy lu  y.     i ng b chi phi bi nhng quy tc ph thu     i gian khi hin ng xy ra  mc trong mt ng quy t s i trong khoa h ht ln thm b b n th hou chnh p vi thc t  n thc khoa hkin thc tin khoa hc, thn thc phi khoa hi si, khin cho nhing r o ra kin thc mi. Hing   c Tremblay c  thiu hiu bit v i ta t th     i na! Tremblay, 1988 8. Nguy him   ng kin thc t    ca nhi nh. Nh v ng hy ry trong i hin nay, nh trin. Mn quan tr    nh khoa hc lun. Trong nhi ng h  u khoa hc t   dng li  c  ng    cung c   i nhng kin thc khoa h  c li, trong khoa T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 hng kin th  n vic giu hing,     n gc ca hin i thit thi.  ch i  KHXH-NV nhng kt qu       KHTN. Tremblay    ng  V khoa h sai lm ln khi tin r c nhng kt qu ngon mc    i mi th ch     p cn cu Trong khoa hc t  i vbc   Trong KHXH-            ng i, cu ca KHXH-   c,         th           t loi quan h  i din ra gi  c  i quan h th n nhi quan h c v     i quan h ca hng dici si; h o hay bimi quan h  trong cng. y s   v i n  , bi     trong c    .   2002,  a, nhiu v    u, khin h g th che d, c u. Khi chn mt vn   u, h  m th   bt n trong hing v nh hay hn ch th trung l               ti            th   i thiu nhi     i chi hing ch vi nhiu c  bm s minh bt c  c u chn la. Các định đề về khoa học Nn khoa hc hii dt s nh   i phi mp nhn, n tn t  Tinh thn khoa hc hay quynh lun    u trit hc khoa hc Alffred North Whitehead 1861-1947 cho rng khoa hc hi i d    u  gi i hoc  gi chnhng quy lut chi phi s vng ca n   t cn cho khoa h  u p nhc s  tn ti, bi l ma khoa hc ng quy lu Trong KHXH-   u cho r  ca con ngng quy lut    ng quy lut    t ch c t Mi s kin hay hiu bt ngun t nh c. Mi  t t theo nhng quy tc nh nh. M   th t t. Nhim v ca khoa ht t     n thc v KHXH-NV   T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 S dng d ling nghitng nghim lun A. empirism; P. empirisme Khoa hc d  th  tin t  i nhng s v   vi   nhng d li ng     kim ch  c thu thp t th gi    rng quan ni   tha t   u ca Aristote t thi c i. Theo quan nin thc khoa hc dng t nhc t, ri t  thuy thuyc kim chng li qua nhiu         nhng quy lu cho nhng . c  t h   dng d li ng nghit s          ng ca khoa hc khoa hc u chnh, b sung Khoa ht n lc. Khoa hc n phi  vi u chnh, b Nu khi kim nghim, ta thy m  t          t ban u, th thay bng mthuyu kh n n thc khoa hc         p cn vTht vy, ng nh t rch s khoa h  ng minh r  t yu mi my t gn lc ra, bc t thc s      n ra nhng bt h  c ph i chiu thc t vi  thuy     i l mt kt qu u,       n phi c kim ch  i chiu vi nhng Nhim v cc  i ch  ng minh mt gi thuy      n phi phn nghi      c c thuyt phn nghim A. Falsificationism; P.      Popper 1902-  khoa hn b nhthuyt tt d  s b sung, chnh sa c   u mi; th hai, kin thc thay th bng kin thc m     c gi  D    t, gm nhng quy t giu s vit. Mthuyt t        c nhiu quan h gi vic. M a khoa hn thc v bn cht ca th gii t   hi, bu t   dn d      t chung. Nu ch      n d li  c nhng quy lut chi phi ng hnh        Mch Tycho Brahe 1546-      nhng i h-1630 mc nhng quy lut vng cnh lut Kepler. S u Mm thit yu ca khoa h Du ca -Strauss c  -NV  M  u khoa h u d  v s i lp gi         T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45     gii t nhi  u KHXH-NV mun thc s tr khoa hn phi gi li s i l dch chuy a con i mt s    i b  -Strauss Cl., 1964, u n n thit chng nhng cho thu th phn din gii d li u cn phi ti    thng,        u   ni  cn kt qu kt lun. M  a vic b      n ra kin thc mi, c lp v    ng. Wallerstein din gi  n lin vi quan nin thi nghim, r dnhit, rth  i nhiu ng   i nhng    u     c bit quan tr      m thc mi,   m nh ki   i m vi   ng mi m ngay c khi nh c lm c Tính khoa học trong KHXH-NV Trong cuc s    u  u g phc     u khoa hc. Theo ghi nhn ca P. Sagaut, thut ng  science  c nhi  c     sinh c   scientifique       cht ch  chc chn th       tr  a c lu        c nhhc 2008,   khoa hc, u phi dm ca khoa hc. Nu d thng nht vi nhau v s cn thit c khoa h lu  khoa h  tip c     ch li           c. Mt s quan nim khoa hc lun hin i v c Thuyt kim nghim A. verificationism ;   t quan nim khoa hc lun c   c chng lun     bi   khoa hc t t s a KHXH-  i ta ch bit m c kim chng qua thc nghim. Trong c b Vienne, R. Carnap t ba lothuyi    kim chng trc ti        hoa h      i  kim chng mtip, qua trung gian ca lolo        m ch       t kh           kim nghi c A. verifiability ; P. a m   c. B  p lun r   ng nghing d liu tuyi,  ch  ng kin thc tm thi c lo kt lun rt kim nghim bt lc trong nhing hp,       t phn nghim A. phm  a s  n khoa hc. Popper l            b    n c Le Manifeste du Cercle de Vienne. scientifique. T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45   i ta ph      kim nghim, nu ch t li n th mt nhi  sai. T r chng minh m  chng t gi thuy phn nghin ng kin thn u t tlc giti nhiu kh     phn nghim c   m C    c ng khoa hc, Thomas S. Kuhn 1922-     m c   s tin b ca khoa hng khoa hc n xen ln nhau giai n khoa hng science normale   n khoa hc b ng science ng      c b   ng ca khoa hc. Trong khoa hc  ng, m    t u nhn          c hiu qu  u ln nht m chung to thun li cho vic ph bi  cu   , m  u bao g v v thuy  p c t. Khi khoa scientifiques. Le Petit Robert       normes qui influent sur la perception du monde            ,     hay        ,   ,       ,    ,    ,    ...        hu ca  to ra mt cung khoa hc. n cc  c gi bng nhinhau, u trung lc nhi  n ca mi khoa h   KHXH-  p l ni t  p l ngoi ty Pourtois Desmet H. & Lahaye W., 2001,   p l ni ti  nhm ki thuyc kim chng gi thuyc b     u v s   t   i quan h gi  n m l u cht ch   b m r  t lun ca  nhc s ch i t nhng yu t thiu.   p l ngoi ti  nhm kh   ng kt lun cnhi        nhm ki n ch ca vic         i     c   ng s c lp cn gii so vi nhng bii ng thng. Nhng bi bt ngun t nhiu   ng h     hoc u kin thu thp d liu, t  thc nghi     yu nh nh ct qu u.    y  m bo        liu thu thp c. Nhc g        i    kim chng ghi nhn c i u. Mt s  Umberto Eco, m  cu nhic KHXH- T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 u hc, trit h hc   h     hc ca m    u phi ch  ng       nhn bi c,      n bi  [...] 2. V m    u ph        i, hoc phi nh. [...] u ph[...] u phi cung cp nhng yu t m chng hoc phn bi thuy        cu phi cung cp nhng yu t  tranh lu        bn n li t -P., 1986, tr. 35.      khoa hc ca mt hot ng thc ti   Nguy  n ng ch khoa hc nu h u kin d liu tht,  n. Thiu mu ki c  Khoa hc d   tht hay dữ liệu thật. Nhng s tht phth   ng bng nh  chuu quan trn thit trong khoa h s th lin v u tra. [...] Khoa h             n theo cng chng khoa hng kt qu  lic công bố   p san khoa h   t thng t phn bin t  t c kt qu c u ph    tái xác nhận  Nguyn, 2011a, Phƣơng pháp khoa học M       c  c  ng v    Thc        ng v  ng kin thc khoa hc ca cng v v  ng tng h        c  c s d  vc KHXH-NV trong mtrng kin thu CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP NCKH TRONG KHXH-NV c mu  - t hic bin - Nhn dng hobin quan trng -  thuy - Chuyi histoire de vie - ng hp - Phng vc - ch s -   -  t s u -  p d liu v hin ng - ng - Khng  covariance - i dung - u -  liu th cp - Phng vu khin -  thng - u tra bng bi -  - c nghim T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 t chi tit - Gia hing - Nhn d th - ng - ng hp duy nht - c nghim - c nghim nh i  hing - D i hou qu ca mt hing - D  kin ho  mt hing - i thi gian - n n mt s ng dng - ng hong ca mt hi - u chnh mt hing sn phm, dch v - u tra m  - Khu - Kh thi u kin thu k  - Can thih u chi - Chnh sa mt t chc... -  - ng Action Research       ng m chung vi nhau, xu vi mnh khoa hc, t m ci   u, t bn cht ca kin thc khoa hc... Vicn viu, thc thi ren,          kinh nghim v tt c      i kin thc khoa hc, kin thc v    u i s tin b c i. Vi  i vi s tin b      u theo mu quen thuc s d    o c i  u. c li, s m        n cht , v th   b    c c c ti Vit Nam hay   u  gng nhi thiu d c, chung cho m gcu u ph-NV. u quan ni  ng dng cn c v vai     c nghim. Tht vy, t s quan nim v khoa h    mt s  n cu v KHXH-   c c.     c b mc c    dng mt khung tham chiu nhgii hn cn hicu,    liu ph   i h thi ti,   vic thu nhph  ng vi thc t   i ti, T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45  c kim nghim trong gii    chc thc nghim,  n,  ng,  D      c.     ng mt s      t thit phi hin din trong mu, chng h c nghi            c ch d              c nghim bao gi!              t quy  t c u phng  ng mt v   s dng mt h th  Nhp d liu         u k thu   sn sinh ra nhng kt lun     u s  n hoc din gii. c tin b  Hoa K ch  y cho hc sinh ph           ng trong bt c   i bt c  vic gii quyn  u phc tp. Peter F. Oliva 2006 c th khoa hc bc thc hin         n ph       m gii         n n nht c  nh mt v,    t gi thuyt hoc nhiu gi thuyt,  Tp hp d liu,   liu,     t lun.    2006,         y rng m u trung l   t y u hin din trong 5 giai  M     c ch y   t lu     ng c; phi dnhng kt qu c thc kim  i da ng xu kinh nghim hn hp; pht nhng d li din dch nhng d li   vi      u chp vi s vic; phi i chp nhn vic nh    a    1981, dn li t Tsafak G., 2001, m ni bt  i nhiu  nhn mnh tm quan trng ca tinh thc     a hin th i vi mt phc kim chng bi chiu vi thc t u c u chhuyp vi thc t   a khoa h-NV. 4 THAY LỜI KẾT LUẬN BÀI HỌC CỦA PHƢƠNG TÂY S t gic hoc gi         nhn. Tuy nhinh s m chung vi        a,  si ch  t m, vi cao s  T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45  ch n ng hn trong khoa hc. Trong giu KHXH-c ta, nhii ch d  t v   gi hi nhca KHXH-NV Ving khoa hc ca cng th git yu t then cht khin gic ta vn quanh quu vic hc t   u nh  u v KHXH-NV cc    hi        -NV    i hi dung sinh hot hc thut ca u nhng kin thc bit ng kin thu khoa hu qu u cc ch ng quc t   n    a Nguyn th T Huy 2011  Ch       ng dy  i hp thi s cu th gim b t ra cho gii hc thut quc t chng  i vic hi nhp th gii mng    n khoa hc lun, thi         a khoa h2005, s       c -c tin thn k   t  1. S dc ng trong mi ting c  m     ca         khng phn nh n m n thi gii quyt t nh 2. T b quan nica trit hc Aristote  n thuy . cause finale                 cause ma     qu hc Kant din gi chc   ng bng nhng quy lut chung u khii quan h c 3. T b  n quy lu              ng gc chng lun; thuy     ng chc chn ca khoa h        quy lut cc; 5. S c lp c    i vi nh i vi nh         a Weber v p gi hs i tri gia khoa h  Ho ng khoa h  t ho  duy cao ci ph   n, nhiu bi    dii khoa hc tinh thn ci m, t do tip cn nh    loi, ch  ch  mt s ch        dy  c gi nhi n chn hong KHXH-NV  c ta. TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 1. Boudon R., 2010. Tap chi p. 19-40. 2. ling b ta ch truy c 3. n mt cum . Tr li phng vTui tr cui tun, 1/8/2011. Xem ta ch           T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 4. -P., 1986. . Dunod, Paris. 5. Godelier M., 2002.  t bn La  6. Hiu Nguyn, 2012. Thing vi Khoa hc & Thi, truy c 7. ng ch 1999. World Social Science Reportt bn UNESCO Publishing/Elsevier, London. 8. -Strauss Cl., 1964. Crdans les disciplines sociales et humaines. Tap chi Revue Internationale des Sciences sociales, Vol. XVI s 4. 9. sociales. Tap chi Recherche en soins infirmiers, 10. 2011. Khoa hi tt ho c, truy c 11. Myers A. & Hansen Ch. H., 2007. Psychologie xut bn de Boeck, Bruxelles. 12. scientifiques, trong philosophique universelle, PUF, Paris. Tome 1, tr. 557-566. 13. Nguyn th T ng bi h, truy c20/11/2012. 14. Nguyc ng, ti trang web truy c 15. Nguyn, 2011a. u khoa hct bn Tng hp TP. H Minh. 16. Nguyn, 2011u khoa hng, truy c16/12/2011. 17. Oliva Peter F., 2006. h hci. 18. PhNgh khoa hc, nghip khoa hc Khoa hc lun hay lun v khoa hc, truy c 19. Phm Duy Hin, 2012. Khoa hc Vit Nam mc kt trong phi chun m vii truy c 20. . t bn Champ  Flammarion, Paris. 21. Pourtois Desmet H. et Lahaye W., 2001. Les points-scientifique, trong Tap chi Recherche en soins infirmiers 65, 06/2001, 22. Sagaut P., 2008. scientifique modernei hc Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6. 23. c, 2010. Khoa hng lt Vittruy cp ti trang web 24. Trn Ng-i Hi tho  n trong KHXH-NV do i hc Quc gia t ch 25. Trn Ngng v ca khoa hi trong th gi di Hi tho quc t i thi hi nh, d-HCM t ch T Phn C Khoa hc 26 2013 30-45 26. Tremblay 1968. recherche en sciences humaines. Les i hc  27. Tremblay 1988. . Les classiques Chicoutimi, Canada. 28. Tsafak G., 2001. Comprendre les sciences de  29. Van der MAREN 2003. Recherche , De Boeck, Bruxelles. 30. Wallerstein I., 1996. Ouvrir les sciences sociales. Les classiques des sciences sociales, i h ... However, this is common for all non-English speaking countries. In addition, papers in Vietnamese reviewed by international peers aren't regarded as responding to international standards, especially in social sciences Tran Thanh Ai, 2013. ... Ai TRAN ThanhFor a number of years there has been much news in the media about the education crisis and the backwardness of scientific research in Vietnam. This situation was evident from the extremely modest position of Vietnamese universities in the World Universities Rankings and through the paucity of scientific articles published by Vietnamese scientists in international journals. Yet the country has the largest number of professors and doctors in Southeast Asia. In the educational sciences, the situation is even more disappointing. Once again, we have to pay careful attention to the quality of scientific staff in our country in order to find radical solutions to treat the causes of this crisis and backwardness. In this paper, the results of a preliminary examination of over 600 titles of masters’ dissertations in educational sciences are reported to identify the causes of weakness in educational research in Vietnam, and to suggest some fundamental solutions.... Tuy nhiên, tình trạng đó là chung cho mọi quốc gia mà tiếng mẹ đẻ không phải là tiếng Anh, không phải chỉ riêng Việt Nam ta. Hơn nữa, việc chưa được nhìn nhận đó ít nhiều cũng cho thấy rằng hoạt động khoa học, nhất là trong lĩnh vực xã hội -nhân văn và giáo dục của ta chưa đạt được chuẩn mực khoa học thế giới, mà chúng tôi đã đề cập trong một bài báo khác Trần Thanh Ái, 2013. Nói chung, ngay cả khi không có các xếp hạng trên đây, mọi người vẫn có thể nhận ra tình trạng trì trệ trong hoạt động khoa học của Việt Nam là hiển hiện, không gì có thể phủ nhận được. ... Ai TRAN ThanhThông tin chung Ngày nhận 29/05/2014 Ngày chấp nhận 29/08/2014 Title Weakness of educational research in Vietnam Causes and solutions Từ khóa Nghiên cứu khoa học, khoa học giáo dục, phương pháp nghiên cứu, khái quát hóa ABSTRACT In recent years, in the mass media, the public have said much about the crisis in education and backwardness of scientific research in our country. This situation is expressed through extremely modest position of Vietnamese universities in the university rankings in the world and through the paucity of scientific articles published by Vietnamese scientists in international Journals. Yet, our country has the most number of professors and post graduatesin the South-East of Asia. In the educational sciences, the situation is even more disappointing for 15 years, from 1996-2010, only 39 articles were published internationally, while we trained a series of post graduate. Again, we have to pay attention to the quality of scientific staff of our country seriously to find radical solutions to treating the causes of this crisis and backwardness. In this article, we would like to present the results of the preliminary examination of over 600 titles of Master theses in educational sciences, to try to trace the causes of the weakness in educational research of Vietnam and to suggest some radical solutions. This is the first step for further research that we will proceed in the near PourtoisHuguette DesmetWilly LahayeSommaire Présentation du cours 1. L'exigence scientifique 2. Structuration de l'espace de recherche 3. Construction de l'objet de recherche 4. Réalisation de la recherche 5. Les étapes épistémologiques de la scientificité de la recherche 6. La conception classique de la scientificité 7. La scientificité de l'instrumentation 8. Vers un élargissement des critères de scientificité 9. Synthèse des critères de scientificité 10. La validité de reliance 11. Une épistémologie postmoderne 12. La liberté de la recherche Bibliographie Annexe Ouvrage analysé "Comment les mères enseignent à leur enfant 5-6 ans" par Pourtois Paris, 1979 Présentation du cours Le document qui suit constitue un outil de travail pour tous ceux qui ont à construire et réaliser une recherche scientifique. Celle-ci, en effet, est exigeante et peu nombreux sont les ouvrages ou articles qui proposent un tel guide de la démarche scientifique en sciences humaines. Les objectifs du cours sont donc de -proposer un outil de référence précisant les points-charnières à prendre en compte dans la recherche scientifique ; -fournir des critères permettant d'assurer la scientificité d'une recherche et de se questionner sur l'épistémologie en sciences humaines. En deux heures, l'étudiant aura pris connaissance, par une lecture attentive, du contenu du cours ; il en aura dégagé et compris les concepts essentiels. Cela constitue une première étape. Mais ce contenu, il faudra l'expérimenter, le manipuler avant d'entreprendre sa proche recherche. C'est pourquoi, nous invitons l'étudiant, pour ses exercices et devoirs, à choisir une recherche dans un ouvrage, une revue scientifique … bien décrite et à l'analyser en se servant des points de repère spécifiés dans le cours. L'auteur de la recherche a-t-il bien précisé sa ses questions de recherche ? Si oui, quelles est sont-elles ? Le chercheur a-t-il émis des hypothèses ? Si oui, lesquelles ? Si non, y a-t-il bien une ligne de référence à l'étude ? Si oui, quelle est-elle ? Et ainsi de suite pour chacun des points-repères. Ensuite, l'étudiant s'interrogera sur les qualités métrologiques de la recherche. Quelles sont celles que l'auteur a mises en évidence ? La validité de reliance a-t-elle été respectée ? Si non, qu'aurait dû faire le chercheur ? Pour aider l'étudiant, un exemple d'un tel exercice a été placé en annexe. La recherche analysée est extraite de l'ouvrage de Jean-Pierre Pourtois Comment les mères enseignent à leur enfant 5 -6ans » Paris, PUF, 1979. Cette analyse permettra d'éclairer, d'illustrer et d'approfondir chaque étape présentée dans la partie théorique. Par ailleurs, la validité de reliance de la recherche est examinée. Ce cours est susceptible de venir en aide, sans doute ultérieurement, à toute personne qui aura a mener sa propre recherche mémoriste, doctorant, chercheur…. Réfléchir sur chacune des phases, les compléter, s'interroger sur leur cohérence et leur validité sont indispensable à toute démarche réuss r un mémo FragnièreFragnière 1986. Comment réuss r un mémo re. Dunod, công bằng với Khoa học xã hội và nhân văn? báo G áo dục & Th đ iHiếu NguyễnHiếu Nguyễn, 2012. Thiếu công bằng với Khoa học xã hội và nhân văn? báo G áo dục & Th đ i, u-cong-bang-voi-Khoa-hoc-xa-hoi-va-nhanvan-1965183/ truy cập ngày 20/12/ KazancigilD MakinsonKazancigil A. & Makinson D. đồng chủ biên, 1999. World Social Science Report, Nhà xuất bản UNESCO Publishing/Elsevier, học xã hội tụt hậu vì đào tạo 2011. Khoa học xã hội tụt hậu vì đào tạo kém. Báo G áo dục, truy cập ngày 18/12/2012Psychologie expér ment leA MyersH Hansen ChMyers A. & Hansen Ch. H., 2007. Psychologie expér ment le, Nhà xuất bản de Boeck, giảng bậc đại học hay hành trình suy ngẫmNguyễn thị Từ Huy, 2011. Bài giảng bậc đại học hay hành trình suy ngẫm. Báo T Sán, &News=4749&CategoryID=6 truy cập ngày 20/11/ nhà khoa học không dám nói thẳngHuy Nguyễn VănNguyễn văn Huy, 2012. Nhiều nhà khoa học không dám nói thẳng, tại trang web truy cập ngày 27/11/2012. 15. Nguyễn văn Tuấn, 2011a. vào n ên ứu khoa h c. Nhà xuất bản Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí dựn n trình h c, Nxb. Giáo dụcOliva PeterOliva Peter F., 2006. Xây dựn n trình h c, Nxb. Giáo dục, Hà Nội.

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